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Why is a milling machine called a universal milling machine?

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 We had a big old Kearney-Trecker Universal mill at the city shop. It was called a Universal Milling Machine because it had both a horizontal and a vertical spindle. Imagine the front of the mill looks like a typical knee mill, with a table that goes up and down in Z and side to side in X, as well as in and out in Y dimension. Above this table is a horizontal 50 taper spindle, with a separate set of controls for spindle speed and direction. This is a big beefy machine, much heavier duty that a typical Bridgeport. The motor is not reversible like a Bridgeport, and there’s no quill. Above that horizontal spindle is a ram, traveling on dovtail ways. At one end of the ram is a drive motor, and at the other end is an angle head which houses another 50 taper spindle, that can be rotated to either side as well as vertically. Another set of controls on the other side ran this spindle. We used this machine for heavy milling cuts with a face mill, mostly, because it was so solid it would thr...
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How to choose the right tool for machining?

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In fact, in machining, the choice of which tool to use is mainly determined by the material to be processed and the processing properties. This improves not only machining efficiency and machining quality, but also tool life. The workpiece material with high hardness needs to be machined with a higher hardness tool, so the hardness of the tool material must be higher than that of the workpiece material. The higher the hardness of the tool material, the better its wear resistance. For example, when the drill content in cemented carbide increases, its strength and initial properties increase, and its hardness decreases, which is suitable for rough machining: when the drill content decreases, its hardness and wear resistance increase, which is suitable for machining tools with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. , especially suitable for high-speed cutting. Generally speaking, PCBN, ceramic cutting tools, coated cemented carbide and TCN-based cemented carbide cutting tools a...
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What are the types of tools in machining?

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  What are the types of tools in machining? What are the types of tools in machining? Cutting tools are very important in the machining process and are directly related to the processing quality and precision. Today, with the rapid development of the processing and manufacturing industry, various new materials and new processes are emerging one after another, and the materials and processes of cutting tools are also constantly changing. Changes are being updated. Faced with the increasing processing requirements, as a machine operator, it is necessary to understand the types of tools and the selection criteria of tools. What are the types of tools in machining? 1. Classification according to tool material High-speed steel tools: high flexural strength and impact toughness, and good workability. Cemented carbide: The chemical vapor deposition method is used to coat titanium carbide, titanium nitride, aluminum oxide hard layer or composite hard layer, so that the tool wear is low and...
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